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The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.Īrticle IV. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.Īrticle III. The Stile of this confederacy shall be, “The United States of America.”Īrticle II. “Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay, Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.Īrticle I. Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did on the fifteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America agree to certain articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay, Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia in the Words following, viz. To all to whom these Presents shall come, we, the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. After three hot, summer months of highly charged debate, the new Constitution was signed, which remains in effect today. By mid-June the delegates had decided to completely redesign the government.

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They shuttered the windows of the State House (Independence Hall) and swore secrecy so they could speak freely. In May of 1787, the Constitutional Convention assembled in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. Disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation, and trade threatened to tear the country apart. The states were on the brink of economic disaster and the central government had little power to settle quarrels between states. Congress was attempting to function with a depleted treasury and paper money was flooding the country, creating extraordinary inflation. Nor could it effectively support a war effort. It could not tax and was generally impotent in setting commercial policy. With the states retaining considerable power, the central government had insufficient power to regulate commerce. Just a few years after the Revolutionary War, however, James Madison and George Washington were among those who feared their young country was on the brink of collapse. When Maryland ratified it on March 1, 1781, the Congress of the Confederation came into being.

Because of disputes over representation, voting, and the western lands claimed by some states, ratification was delayed. Ratification by all 13 states was necessary to set the Confederation into motion. The Articles of Confederation also outlined a Congress with representation not based on population – each state would have one vote in Congress. Each state retained 'every Power.which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States. This 'first constitution of the United States' established a 'league of friendship' for the 13 sovereign and independent states. The last sheet bears the signatures of delegates from all 13 states.

It consists of six sheets of parchment stitched together. The document seen here is the engrossed and corrected version that was adopted on November 15. The Dickinson Draft of the Articles of Confederation named the confederation 'the United States of America.' After considerable debate and revision, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777. John Dickinson, a delegate from Delaware, was the principal writer. This committee was composed of one representative from each colony. One of the committees was tasked with determining what form the confederation of the colonies should take. After the Lee Resolution proposed independence for the American colonies, the Second Continental Congress appointed three committees on June 11, 1776.

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